‘½“÷A•¨@ƒnƒIƒ‹ƒ`ƒA@ƒnƒIƒ‹ƒVƒA@Haworthia@ƒJƒNƒ^ƒXEƒjƒV

ŽÀ¶‘I”²

ŒfÚŽÊ^‚Ì–ñ‚X‚O“‚Í“–‰€Š—L‚ÌeŠ”‚Å‚·B
¦ŽÊ^‚Ì–³’f“]—p‚ð‹Ö‚¶‚Ü‚·B

ŒfÚ‚ÌA•¨–¼‚ÍA“–‰€‚̃IƒŠƒWƒiƒ‹¤•i–¼‚ɂ‚«A‘¼“X‚Ì“¯–¼A•¨‚Æ“¯‚¶•¨‚Æ‚Í‚©‚¬‚è‚Ü‚¹‚ñB
i“ˆê‹KŠi—D—Ç•c”Ì”„‰€‚̉Á–¿“X‚Í“¯‚¶j


•iŽí•ÊƒJƒ^ƒƒOˆê——
MS-1
uƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒiv

‹â¢ŠE x ƒvƒ‰ƒjƒ…ƒ‰[ƒ^@
fPURATINAf
fGINSEKAIf x ƒuƒ‰ƒjƒ…ƒ‰[ƒ^

‘¼‚ðˆ³“|‚·‚铧–¾‚È”’‚³‚͈ٗl

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-2@
uX‚Ì—d¸v(NSS-1)
ƒVƒ‹ƒo[ƒ{[ƒ‹ ‚˜ ”’‹âŠGŠª
fMORI  NO  YOUSEIf
fSILVER BALLf@‚˜@fHAKUGINEMAKIf

–{—ˆ“§–¾‚Ì‘‹‚ª”’‚­”’–Ñ‚Æd
‚È‚Á‚Ä^‚Á”’
‚Æ‚É‚©‚­”’‚¢I

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-3@
u–‚@@«v(NS-1)

–‚@@‹« ‚˜ Ž‡‹àé
fMASYOUf@ NS-1
eMAKYOUf‚˜@eSHIKINNJYOUf

‚±‚°’ƒ‚Ì”§‚ɓʉš‘‹‚Ì‘¾ü‚ª
–Ê”’‚¢

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-4@
uSe-1v

Ž‡‹àé ‚˜ etc (ƒEƒBƒ€ƒfƒ“ƒX)
fSe-1f
fSHIKINJOUf@‚˜@etc

Ž‡Œn•iŽí‚Ì’†‚ňóÛ“I‚È•c

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-5@
uƒŒƒfƒB[EƒŒƒfƒB[v(NSS-1)
ƒsƒ“ƒNEƒŒƒfƒB[
‚˜ ƒ‰ƒuƒŠ[EƒŒƒfƒB[
fLADY LADYf(NSS-1)
fPINK LADYf@‚˜@fLOVELY LADYf

“Á‰ƒsƒ“ƒNF‘‹‚ÌŽ‡”§“Á‘I”²

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-6
uTW-1v
ƒ‰ƒuƒŠ[EƒŒƒfƒB[Œð”zŽí
'TW-1'
'LOVELY LADY' Hyb.

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-7 MS-8@
uHNM-2v

–²@@@“a ‚˜ ƒhƒhƒ\ƒ“EƒMƒKƒX
fHNM-2f
fYUMEDONOf
@‚˜@gigasfDODSONe

“Á”ü‘å— ‘‹–Í—l‚Ì‘¾Žh‘I”²

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-9@
YO-3
–²@@“a@‚˜@ƒMƒKƒX
fYO-3f
fYUMEDONOf@‚˜@gigas

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-10@
uMX2a26v

ƒxƒCƒGƒŠ@‚˜@ƒzƒƒCƒgƒEƒBƒhƒE

eMX2a26f
bayeri x 'White Window'

”’‰_‚Ì—l‚È”’“_‚É‘¾”’ü“Á”ü‘‹
Œa12‚ƒ‚‚̕Ε½Œ^

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-11@
uDianavMX2a08
ƒ€ƒ`ƒJ@‚˜@ƒXƒvƒŒƒ“ƒfƒ“ƒX
fDIANAfMX2a08
mutica x splendens

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-12
uMR-1 ƒ}ƒ‹ƒNƒXv
ƒXƒvƒŒƒ“ƒfƒ“ƒX@‚˜@ƒoƒfƒBƒA
fMR-1  MARXf
splendens x badia

Œõ‘ò‚Ì”’ƒsƒ“ƒNFƒUƒ‰‘‹“Á”ü

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-13@
uN1 Lombard Starv
'Drew White' x@ƒoƒfƒBƒA
eN1 Lombard Starf
'Drew White' x badia

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-14
uLombard StarvN02Marx
'Lombard Star'N02Marx

^‚Á”’‘‹‚É—Îü‚ª”ü‚µ‚¢“Á”üŽí


ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-15
S01 Lombard Starv

'Drew White' x@ƒoƒfƒBƒA
eS01 Lombard Starf
'Drew White' x badia

”ZŽ‡F”§‚É^‚Á”’‘‹

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-16@
uMX-6v@ƒ}ƒ‹ƒNƒX
ƒXƒvƒŒƒ“ƒfƒ“ƒX@‚˜@ƒoƒfƒBƒA
fMX6fMarx
splendens x badia

‚±‚ÌŒð”z‚Å‚Í’¿‚µ‚­”’‘‹‚É”Z‚¢
’ƒF–Í—l‚ª”ü‚µ‚¢

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-17
uNA Lombert Starv@
'Drew White'@‚˜@badia
fNA Lombert Starf
'Drew White'@‚˜@badia

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-18@
uNS-1v
ƒsƒOƒ}ƒGƒA@‚˜@ƒoƒfƒBƒA
fNS-1f@pygmaea@‚˜@badia

–Ú—§‚Â^‚Á”’E”’“_‚Ì‘‹‚É‚­‚¢
ž‚Þ‘‹Û–Í—l‚ª‚Æ‚Ä‚àˆóÛ“I

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-19
uNS-1v

Ž½•‚̈Å@‚˜@ƒXƒvƒŒƒ“ƒfƒ“ƒX
fNS-1f
fSHIKKOKU NO YAMIf@‚˜@splendens

“ÁŽ‡‰”ü‘‹‘I”²

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-20@
uMO-No-1v
ƒoƒfƒBƒA@‚˜@ƒEƒBƒ~[Œð”zŽí
fMO-No-1f
badia@‚˜@wimii Hyb.

‘¾Ž‡ü‚Ì‘‹Û‚Ì”’‰_”ü

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-21@
uNS-4v

–²@“a@‚˜@ƒuƒ‰ƒbƒNEƒŒƒfƒB[
fNS-4f
fYUMEDONOf@‚˜@fBLACK LADYf

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-22
uNS-1v
ƒ‹ƒvƒ‰@‚˜@ƒfƒBƒ‚ƒ‹ƒzƒCƒfƒX
fNS-1f
herbacea v. lupura
@‚˜@
dimorphoides

“Á‹­Žh“Á‹C–A‘‹‘I”²

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-23@
uNS-1v
ƒuƒ‰ƒbƒNEƒXƒvƒŒƒ“ƒfƒ“ƒX
@@@@@@@@‚˜@ƒfƒBƒ‚ƒ‹ƒzƒCƒfƒX
fNS-1f
splendensfBLACKf ‚˜ dimorphoides

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-24
uƒeƒBƒtƒ@ƒj[vMX2a02
'Lombart Star' x@ƒXƒvƒŒƒ“ƒfƒ“ƒX
eTIFFANYfMX2a02
'Lombart Star' x splendens

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-25
u–‚lMv(NS-1)@

‘å–‚_@‚˜@•M
eMAJINBUNEf
fDAIMAJINf@‚˜@eKOKUSOUf

‘åŒ^”ü‘‹‘Žp‘I”²

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-26
uƒnƒƒEƒBƒ“v
‘å–‚_Œð”z“Á‘I”²
fHALLOWEENf
fDAIMAJINfHyb. seeding seleciton

‘‹‚Ì•Ž‡–Í—l‚Í‘å‚«‚­‰š‚Þ’¿•iI


ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-27
u–‚lEBoov
‘å–‚_ ŽÀ¶“Á‘I”²
fMAJIN Boof
fDAIMAJINfHyb. seeding seleciton

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-28
uNS-1v
ƒsƒNƒ^@‚˜@ƒEƒBƒ~[Œð”zŽí
fNS-1f@picta@‚˜@wimii Hyb.

”ü”’‘‹‚Å‘‹Û‚ÌØ‚èž‚Ý–Í—l
‚ª”ü‚µ‚¢

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-29
uSAKURAvNS-10-1
‹â¢ŠE@‚˜@ƒoƒfƒBƒA
fSAKURA  NS-10-1f
GINSEKAI x badia

”ZŽ‡ƒsƒ“ƒN”§‚É^‚Á”’‘‹“Á”ü

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-30
u”’á•P‚Ì–²v
–²@“a@‚˜@”’á•P
fSHIRAYUKIHIME  NO  YUMEf
fYUMEDONOf@‚˜@fSHIRAYUKIHIMEf

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-31
uNS-1v

ƒzƒƒCƒgEƒEƒ‹ƒt‚˜Ž‡‹àé
fNS-1f
fWHITE WOLFf@‚˜@fSHIKINJOUf

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-32@
NS-2

ƒzƒƒCƒgEƒEƒ‹ƒt‚˜Ž‡‹àé
fNS-2f
fWHITE WOLFf@‚˜@fSHIKINJOUf

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-33@
NS-1
”’‹âƒsƒNƒ^‚˜ŒÃ@‹{
fNS-1f
pictafHAKUGINf@‚˜@fKOKYUUf

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-34@
NS-1@
ƒXƒvƒŒƒ“ƒfƒ“ƒX ‚˜ ŒÃ@‹{
fNS-1f
splendens@‚˜@fKOKYUUf

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-35
u‹S@‰Îv@
ƒ`ƒ‡ƒREƒo[@‚˜@ƒEƒBƒ~[Œð”zŽí
fONIBIf
fCHOCO BAR ‚˜ wimii Hyb.

Ž‡’ƒF‚Ì“à—t–Í—l‚ª‘‹‚ÉØ‚ê
ž‚Þ

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-36
uGDj-1-24v
ƒXƒvƒŒƒ“ƒfƒ“ƒXŒð”zŽí

'GDj-1-24'splendens Hyb.

Ž‡ƒsƒ“ƒNF‘‹‘I”²

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-37
uNS-2v

ƒEƒBƒ~[Œð”zŽí@‚˜@Ž‡‹àé
fNS-2f
wimii Hyb.
@‚˜@fSHIKINJOUf

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-38@
uK-1v

ƒEƒBƒ~[Œð”zŽíŽÀ¶“Á‘I”²
fK-1f
wimii hyb. seeding selection

“Á”’‘‹‚ÉŽ‡•–Í—l‚ª‚Æ‚Ä‚àãY—í

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-39
MS-40


ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-41
uNS-1v

iƒ`ƒ‡ƒRƒo[‚˜‹â—íj ‚˜ ‹S•ŽÒ
'NS-1'

(CHOCO@BAR@‚˜@GINREI)‚˜@fONIMUSYA'

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-42
MS-43
uMR-06-1v

‹â¢ŠE@‚˜@ƒoƒfƒBƒA
fMR-06-1f
fGINSEKAIf ‚˜@badia

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-44
uSAKURAviNS-10-1)
‹â¢ŠE@‚˜@ƒoƒfƒBƒA
fSAKURA eNS-10-1
fGINSEKAIf ‚˜@badia

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-45
uNS-10-2v
ƒXƒvƒŒƒ“ƒfƒ“ƒX@‚˜@‹â¢ŠE
eNS-10-2f
splendens x 'GINSEKAI'
ƒsƒ“ƒNF‚̃_ƒ‹ƒ}Œ^”üŽí

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-46
uNS-1v
ƒoƒfƒBƒA‚˜ƒfƒBƒ‚ƒ‹ƒzƒCƒfƒX
fNS-1fbadia x dimorphoides

“Á•Ž‡”§‘I”²

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-47
uNS-2v
ƒoƒfƒBƒA‚˜ƒfƒBƒ‚ƒ‹ƒzƒCƒfƒX
fNS-2fbadia x dimorphoides

Ž‡F”§‚Æ‘å‚«‚È‹C–A‘‹‘I”²

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-48
uÔƒ€ƒ`ƒJv@iNS-1)
ƒVƒ‹ƒo[ƒ€ƒ`ƒJ@‚˜@“ÁŠÛ‘‹ƒ€ƒ`ƒJ
fAKA MUTICA  NS-1f
muticafSILVERf@‚˜@muticafTOKUMARUMADOf

Ô”§”ü“ʉ‘‹‘I”²

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-49
uIK-No-1v
ƒuƒ‹[ƒ_ƒCƒAƒ‚ƒ“ƒhŽÀ¶‘I”²
'IK-No-1'
eBLUE DIAMONDfseeding selection

ŠÛX‘‹‚É•–Ô–Ú–Í—l

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-50
uIK-No-3v
ƒuƒ‹[ƒ_ƒCƒAƒ‚ƒ“ƒhŽÀ¶‘I”²
'IK-No-3'
eBLUE DIAMONDfseeding selection

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-51
MS-52
uNS-2v
ƒRƒ“ƒRƒŒ ‚˜ ƒuƒ‰ƒbƒNƒŒƒfƒB
'NS-2'
(conptoniana x correcta) x 'BLACK LADY'

“Á‰‘‹‚É–¾Ž‡ü–Í—l

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-53
uNS-1v
‘¾ —z@‚˜@•— ‰ë
'NS-1'
'TAIYOU' x 'HUUGA'

‘N–¾—Ζ͗l‚ª‘N‚â‚©‚È“Áƒ_ƒ‹ƒ}Œ^

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-54
MS-55
uNS-1/10v

ƒ‰ƒuƒŠ[ƒŒƒfƒB ‚˜ ’ËŒ´”’‹âƒsƒNƒ^

'NS-1/10'
'LAVELY LADY' x 'TSUKAHARA HAKUGIN'picta

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-56 MS-57
MS-58
uNS-1/2v
‰Ôˆ¨ ‚˜ GM452
'NS-1/2'
'HANA AOI' x GM452 splendens

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-59
uNS-2/2v ‰Ôˆ¨ ‚˜ GM452
'NS-2/2'

'HANA AOI' x GM452 splendens


ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-60
MS-61
u”’‹â‚̸v(NS-1/6)

g—t‹Ñ x X‚Ì—d¸
'HAKUGIN NO YOUSEI'(NS-1/6)
'KOUYOUNISHIKI' x 'MORI NO YOUSEI'

“§–¾‘‹•”‚ª”’‚­“÷‰å‚à”’‚¢ˆ×A
‘S‘Ì‚ª^‚Á”’‚Ì“§–¾


ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-62
u”’‹â‚̸v(NS-3/6)

g—t‹Ñ x X‚Ì—d¸
'HAKUGIN NO YOUSEI'(NS-3/6)
'KOUYOUNISHIKI' x 'MORI NO YOUSEI'

“§–¾‘‹•”‚ª”’‚­“÷‰å‚à”’‚¢ˆ×A
‘S‘Ì‚ª^‚Á”’‚Ì“§–¾


ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-63
u”’‹â‚̸v(NS-4/6)

g—t‹Ñ x X‚Ì—d¸
'HAKUGIN NO YOUSEI'(NS-4/6)
'KOUYOUNISHIKI' x 'MORI NO YOUSEI'

“§–¾‘‹•”‚ª”’‚­“÷‰å‚à”’‚¢ˆ×A
‘S‘Ì‚ª^‚Á”’‚Ì“§–¾


ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-64
u”’Ž¥‘‹ƒRƒ“ƒvƒgv

ƒXƒ|ƒbƒgƒ‰ƒCƒg x N…»ƒRƒ“ƒvƒg
'HAKUJIMADO COMPTO'
'SPOT LIGHT' x 'N SUISYOU COMPTO''

”’‹âƒŒƒ“ƒYó‚Ì“Á“Ê“§–¾‘‹

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-65 MS-66
MS-67 MS-68 MS-69





MS-70
MS-71
MS-72 uNS-1/1v
–²“a x H.lupura 'Nishi form' (Wolfkloof)
'NS-1/1'
'Yumedono' x lupura 'Nishi form'

—t‚Ì— •\‚Æ‚à‚É“Á”ü“§–¾‘‹
w–ñ8cm

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-73 MS-74





MS-75
MS-76
uJA-13v

ƒXƒvƒŒƒ“ƒfƒ“ƒXŒð”zŽí x Ž‡‹àé
'JA-13'
splendens Hyb. x 'Shikinjou'

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-77
uNS2/5v

”’‹âƒsƒNƒ^ x ƒsƒOƒ}ƒGƒA
'NS2/5'
'Hakugin'picta x pygmaea'

“Á”’’·‘‹ƒh[ƒ€Œ^

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-78
u‹â@@”“v

'Ginpaku'

^‚Á”’‚ÌŽOŠpƒUƒ‰‘‹

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-79 MS-80 MS-81




MS-82
uNS-1/1v
ƒEƒ‹ƒtƒ€ƒ`ƒJKN2@‚˜@N1 GM452
fNS-1/1f
'Wolf muticafKN2@‚˜@N1 GM452

”’‚¢‰‘‹‚É—Îü–Í—l‚Ì
”üƒh[ƒ€Œ^

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-83
uNS-1/1v
–k‹žNo-1ƒsƒNƒ^Œð”z
@‚˜@K3ƒEƒ‹ƒtƒ€ƒ`ƒJ
fNS-1/1f
'Beijin No-1'picta Hyb.
@‚˜@'K3 Wolf mutica'

“Á‰‘‹‚ɗΓü‚è”ü”’ü–Í—l

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-84
MS-85
u”’ƒp[ƒNv(NS-1/1)
”’ÂéiƒEƒBƒ~[Œð”zj
@‚˜@ƒp[ƒNƒVƒA[ƒiŒð”z
fHakuseiparkf
'Hakuseijou'@‚˜@parksiana Hyb.

“Á”’‚̃p[ƒNƒVƒA[ƒi—l‚Ì
”ü‘Žp

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-86
uNS-1/4v
•X@@‰J@‚˜@ƒzƒƒCƒgƒEƒ‹ƒt
fNS-1/4f
'Hisame'@‚˜@'White wolf'

‰”’‘‹‚É–¾‚é‚¢—Ζ͗l‚ª‰f‚¦‚é

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-87
uNS-2/4v
•X@@‰J@‚˜@ƒzƒƒCƒgƒEƒ‹ƒt
fNS-2/4f
'Hisame'@‚˜@'White wolf'

•X‰JŒð”z‚Å‚Í—ÇŒ`ƒƒ[ƒbƒgŒ^

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-88
uNS-1/5v
ƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒi@‚˜@N1 GM452
fNS-1/5f
'Platinam'@‚˜@N1 GM452

”’‰ŽOŠp’·‘‹‚Ì”üŽí

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-89
uNS-1/6v
ƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒi@‚˜@N1 GM452
fNS-1/6f
'Platinam'@‚˜@N1 GM452

‰Á‚µ‚Ì“Á”’‘‹

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-90
uNS-2/6v
ƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒi@‚˜@N1 GM452
fNS-2/6f
'Platinam'@‚˜@N1 GM452

ƒsƒOƒ}ƒGƒAó‚Ì
“Á”’ƒUƒ‰‘‹ƒh[ƒ€Œ^

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-91 MS-92





MS-93
MS-94
u‹âƒpƒ‹ƒev
(NS-1/1)
‹â¢ŠE(ƒEƒBƒ~[Œð”zj
x Bƒpƒ‹ƒeƒmƒ“iDrew white x ƒoƒfƒBƒAj

'Ginparthe' NS-1/1
'Ginsekai' x 'B Parthenon'

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-95
u‹âƒpƒ‹ƒev
(NS-4/7)
‹â¢ŠE(ƒEƒBƒ~[Œð”zj
x Bƒpƒ‹ƒeƒmƒ“iDrew white x ƒoƒfƒBƒAj

'Ginparthe' NS-4/7
'Ginsekai' x 'B Parthenon'

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-96
MS-97 MS-98 MS-99
MS-100
uDAƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒiv (NS-1/1)
'Diana' MX2a-08@‚˜@ƒvƒ‰ƒ`ƒi
'DA platinam' NS-1/1
'Diana' MX2a-08 x ''Platinam'

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-101
uKNS-3/3v
'Drew White'@‚˜@'Lombert Star'
'KNS-3/3'
'Drew White'@‚˜@'Lombert Star'

ŽÊ^ƒNƒŠƒbƒN
MS-102


•iŽí•ÊƒJƒ^ƒƒOˆê——

Copyright (c) 2006 CACTUS NISHI. All rights reserved.